A mathematical object (distribution, matrix, field, etc.) is isotropic if it exhibits uniform properties in all directions. Precise definitions depend on the subject area.

|125 A sphere is isotropic.
The CMB has (tiny) aniostropies.

EXAMPLE

Isotropic radiation has the same intensity regardless of the direction of measurement, and an isotropic field exerts the same action regardless of how the test particle is oriented.