Reify = treat as a thing (res).
Reification: Thing-ifying processes/relations/abstractions.
Mistaking the map for the territory
Treating an abstraction as the thing itself.
Reification of analytic distinctions
An analytic distinction is one you draw to isolate aspects of a phenomenon for study: cause vs. effect, structure vs. function, individual vs. society, mind vs. body, genotype vs. phenotype, syntax vs. semantics, form vs. content, software vs. hardware, …
The distinction is a tool; the underlying reality is typically a single interwoven process where both sides are constitutively entangled.
Reification is the error of forgetting the tool-status and treating the two sides as independently existing things that then have to be glued back together.
You end up with pseudo-problems about how the two “interact” (pineal gland).
The sophistical process
Take real particulars, abstract a common feature, then declare the abstraction the substance of which the particulars are mere modes.
Changes in the measurement of a phenomenon are mistaken for changes to the phenomenon itself.