Epistemic concepts relate to knowledge - how we know things and what we can know. The word comes from the Greek “epistēmē” meaning knowledge or understanding. This includes questions like:

  • How do we acquire knowledge?
  • What constitutes evidence?
  • What are the limits of human knowledge?
  • How reliable are different ways of knowing?
  • What makes a belief justified?

Epistemic question: “How can we know whether other minds exist besides our own?”
Ontological question: “What is the fundamental nature of mind/consciousness?”