Commutativity ∀x,y∈A:x∘y=y∘x For additive groups, often denoted as (A,+), commutativity is implied. Conjugate symmetry conjugate symmetry is a generalization of commutativity for complex-valued operations: ∀x,y∈A:x∘y=y∘x For real-valued operations, conjugate symmetry reduces to regular commutativity since a=a for any real number a.